Introduction
Within the realm of healthcare diagnostics, few tests are as versatile and informative as the Complete Blood Count, commonly known as CBC or FBC. This essential test offers a comprehensive analysis of various blood components, providing valuable insights into one’s overall health and well-beings
What Is Full Blood Count/Complete Blood Count?
Full Blood Count (FBC), often interchangeably referred to as Complete Blood Count (CBC), is a standard laboratory test that evaluates various components of blood. It provides crucial information about the quantity and quality of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), platelets, haemoglobin, and hematocrits levels. By analysing these parameters, healthcare professionals gain valuable insights into overall blood health and potential underlying medical conditions.
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What Is Included In CBC?
Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
RBC Count : Measures the number of red blood cells per volume of blood. It’s essential for oxygen transport and tissue oxygenation.
Haemoglobin (Hgb) : Indicates the amount of oxygen-carrying protein in the blood. Low levels may suggest anaemia.
Hematocrits (Hct) : Represents the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells. It’s useful in assessing blood viscosity and hydration status.
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) : Reflects the average size of red blood cells. It aids in classifying anaemias based on cell size.
White Blood Cells (WBCs)
WBC Count : Measures the total number of white blood cells in the blood. It indicates the body’s immune response to infection or inflammation.
Differential Count : Provides the percentage of different types of white blood cells, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. This differential count helps identify specific infections or disorders.
Platelets
Platelet Count : Determines the number of platelets in the blood. Platelets are essential for blood clotting and preventing excessive bleeding.
Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) : Indicates the average size of platelets. Changes in MPV may suggest platelet abnormalities or disorders.
What is the normal CBC count?
Understanding CBC Ranges: Interpreting CBC results requires comparing individual values to established CBC ranges, which may vary slightly depending on factors such as age, sex, and laboratory protocols. Here are typical CBC ranges for adults:
| Parameter | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|
| 12 | 4.5 - 6.5 | 3.8 - 5.8 |
| Haemoglobin g/L | 135-180 | 115-160 |
| WBC x10 /L | 9 | 4.00 - 11.00 |
| 4.00 - 11.00 | Platelets x10 /L | 9 |
| 150 - 400 | 150 - 400 | MCV fL |
| 78 - 100 | 78 - 100 | PCV |
| 0.40 - 0.52 | 0.37 - 0.47 | RBC x10 /L |
| MCH pg | 27.0 - 32.0 | 27.0 - 32.0 |
| MCHC g/L | 310 - 370 | 310 - 370 |
| RDW | 11.5 - 15.0 | 11.5 - 15.0 |
| Neutrophilis | 2.0 - 7.5 | 2.0 - 7.5 |
| Lymphocytes | 1.0 - 4.5 | 1.0 - 4.5 |
| Monocytes | 0.2 - 0.8 | 0.2 - 0.8 |
| Eosinophils | 0.04 - 0.40 | 0.04 - 0.40 |
| Basophils | < 0.1 | < 0.1 |